Artificial intelligence and automation go deep into our society.
In the business arena, companies are now using the voice recognition feature provided by smart assistants such as Alexa, Cortana and Siri to speed up their tasks.
In the transport industry, artificial intelligence empowers upcoming self-driving cars and helps manage traffic flow.
In the education sector, artificial intelligence is used to support individual learning systems.
In the healthcare sector, new diagnostic tools and decision support techniques are driven by artificial intelligence.
In the retail sector, artificial intelligence is improving the design of warehouse facilities to make the process more efficient.
In the film industry, artificial intelligence is used to make orchestra music and to make small pieces of films.
In the humanitarian field, artificial intelligence is used to support the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
However, there appears to be a disconnect between the people designing and implementing these systems, and those who would be most affected by the results.
The reported average annual salary for an artificial intelligence programmer in the UK in 2019 is currently around £ 60,000. Meanwhile, the average annual salary reported to all workers in the UK is around £ 36,611.
Is the result of widespread automation
Automating routine processes provides many benefits. It gives people the opportunity to do rewarding and challenging work with repetitive tasks that allow them to share their emotional intelligence.
But at the moment, it is far from the case. Instead, low-skilled workers consistently found themselves in insecure roles in low ranks. For some people, their jobs have been completely changed.
In 2013, researchers at Oxford University studied 702 professional groups. They found that 47% of American workers had a higher probability of automatically seeing their jobs over the next twenty years. More recently, in 2017, the McKinsey report predicted that 30% of “work activities” would be automated by 2030 – a change that is expected to affect 375 million workers worldwide. This is a large number of people.
Throughout history, new waves of technological innovation have always outpaced the public debate on automation. This movement is similar to the transformation of agricultural societies during the Industrial Revolution. Evidence derived from this may give us some ideas to inform political discussions today.
People were concerned that automation would leave people without work until the twentieth century. In 1950, John F. Kennedy described automation as a “problem” that caused “difficulty” for humans.
After 15 years in 1965, an IBM economist said that automation would lead to a 20-hour work week. Given that the average American is still working 34.4 hours per week, this prediction is clearly far from over.
But it took decades to resolve the grievances of the Industrial Revolution. This time, we cannot wait long.
If employment levels fall significantly, there is a fear that Western democracy may resort to atrocities, which spread to some countries after the Great Depression in the 1930s, and even today many countries have such high levels Experiences income inequality.
The real challenge is managing the transition
Western policy has already become turbulent. Income inequality is gradually increasing, which has contributed to the already unstable political instability. A large portion of the population will require training for new jobs, and they will not be young – they will be middle-aged professionals. Developed economies are likely to be vulnerable to this change, as increased wage rates increase incentives for automation.
Automation will vary widely depending on the industry sector. Industries such as health care will increase to match the aging population, while employment that includes manual labor and data processing will decrease.
It is impossible to know the exact number of jobs that are affected by AI, as studies provide significantly different estimates based on the processing of input data.
A PwC report states that there are three main waves of automation.
Wave 1 will take place in early 2020 and is expected to replace a very small percentage of jobs – around 3%.
Wave 2 is expected to arrive in late 2020, and many jobs in the religious and administrative sector are expected to change.
Wave 3 is expected to reach the mid-thirties and can lead to up to 30% automation in today’s jobs – especially automotive equipment and machinery.
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